Native Americans And The American Colonial Societies

Native Americans, English, Africans and other European settlers went through adversity in their plight in trying to establish their own identity in North American Colonial societies. Trade and land were two major components in the fight for power. The Native Americans and the settlers had turmoil; their biggest conflicts were deciding how to delegate land and control trade. New France wanted to take the fur trade away from the Iroquois Confederacy. The Native Americans valued the fur trade because it was their primary forms of trade at the time. Over the span of twenty years New France and the Iroquois Confederacy would have turmoil until they signed a treaty that made them neutral. Conflict amongst the settlers and the Native Americans were also present in Virginia and New England. In Virginia, Nathaniel Bacon led his people to use violence to push the Native Americans to the west; this conflict became known as the Bacon Rebellion. They wanted to utilize their land for inhabiting their community and for expansion of trade. In New England they tried to dismantle the Indian tribes such as the Wampanoag’s, Nipmucks, Narragansett’s, and Abenaki’s. This was accomplished through King Phillip leading the New Eng landers into war against the Native Americans. Eventually, the natives’ supply of food and weaponry diminished greatly. After their resources declined many of the Natives left were enslaved or passed away due to illness. Even though the Indians faced great adversityShow MoreRelatedNative Americans By James Axtell990 Words   |  4 Pagesthe formation of an American identity† (Axtell 992). Ostracized by numerous citizens of the United States today, this quote epitomizes Axtell’s beliefs of the Indians contributing to our society. Unfortunately, Native Americans’ roles in history are often categorized as insignificant or trivial, when in actuality the Indians contributed greatly to Colonial America, in ways the ordinary person would have never deliberated. James Axtell discusses these ways, as well as what Colonial America may have lookedRead MoreThe Differences Between The Spanish And Colonial Economic System, And The Colonial State And Church Essay1209 Wo rds   |  5 Pages do you believe the previous statement to be true? Be sure to write about the colonial social structure, the colonial economic system, and the colonial state and church. Also, include bible verses to support your argument. Be sure to include two additional sources to support your claim. Honors please have four sources. WH 10 Ch. 17 Essay In the sixteenth century, both Spain and Portugal established enormous colonial empires around the world. Spain ruled most of South America and parts of CentralRead MoreA Society Must Be Based On Peace Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesA decolonized society must also be based on peace. Peace is the product of dealing with the events of the past to be able to move into the future without any limitations to communal progression and growth. Individuals achieve peace by healing. However, Native Americans carry the grievance of their ancestors as historical trauma, thus experiencing difficulty in finding peace to heal. Historical trauma has infiltrated communities through high suicide rates, alcoholism, diabetes, and even biologicalRead MoreColonial American Literature844 Words   |  4 Pagesstudent to think about the Colonial Period, most students think of PIlgrims coming to America on the Mayflower. In reality, the Mayflower is really only a small piece of the puzzle. The colonial time period starts in 1492 and goes through 1763. In the two hundred and seventy-one years, Europeans came to America, Native Americans began to focus on the fur trade, and by the end of the time period the â€Å"population of the thirteen colonies was over two million people.† (Colonial Time Period NP) All of thoseRead MoreHow Americanism Is The American Of American Imperialism And Success Is Definition Of An American1098 Words   |  5 PagesAmericanism is what Americans believe in, their values. Due to the nature of America’s foundation defining a clear-cut characteristic of an American and the motivations behind his actions is difficult. Yet the uniqueness of identifying only some factors of the incentive behind American expansionism and success is definition of an American. In the 1800s Americans wished for westward expansion—an idea of a frontier. Expansion had not been a new idea, but continuing the pattern of American history beginningRead MoreEcologica l Change in New England under Native Americans and Colonists1621 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the colonial history of New England has been thoroughly researched and taught across all levels of educational institutes across the United States, the study of its environmental history often takes a backseat to America’s complex and enthralling social and political history. This trend has been abating in recent decades, given that more Americans have taken an interest in their environment and conservation, and in response to this new demand the field of environmental history was initiatedRead MoreColonial American Slavery Essay examples1458 Words   |  6 Pagesyet vitally important part of American History. There are hundreds of thousands of documents, debates, and historical studies available today. According to Ms. Goetz, the assistant professor of history at Rice University, who states, in The Southern Journal of History, that in addition to geographic and chronological di versity in the America’s, assessment of experiences of colonial slaves is extremely complex, â€Å"especially in the context of three European colonial powers, vigorous Indian groupsRead MoreNegative Effects Of Colonialism1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthe outcomes of European imperialism in Native territories, these positive effects are outweighed by the massive loss of lives, widespread loss of autonomy, extensive loss of land, and loss of culture through assimilation that aboriginal societies suffered in the hands of colonialists. Most colonial studies focus on the aftermath of colonialist annexations of different territories. Very few of such studies give the accounts of the events preceding the colonial invasion. In fact, most of these studiesRead MoreA New World Developed Between The 16th And 18th Century1318 Words   |  6 Pagestransportation. However, as history approached the 18th century, colonial authorities in North America and the Caribbean based their usage of transportation on racial factors while Britain’s transportation remained a result of the hierarchy of social classes and the rise of a crime epidemic. As the colonial period prevailed in the 17th century and the settlers continued to create a society in the new world, suspicion arose towards settlers and natives with distinctly unique life styles. These â€Å"foreigners†Read MoreColonial School vs Modern Era1506 Words   |  7 Pages1. Colonial School vs. Modern Era The impact of schools has been ever changing. From their New England traditions, to civilizing of western settlers, and finally the requirement of educated individuals what schools and education have to do in society is constantly being molded and remolded. New models, ideas, ideals, and requirements for schools are constantly being established and have come a long way from the colonial period to the modern era. During colonial times school and education was used

Alternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy - 1511 Words

Renewable energy has become a widely popular topic in society. With the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, scientist are looking to natural and renewable resources to create a means to produce sustainable energy. There are many alternative energy sources that have proven useful in the past couple of years. Some of the alternative energy sources are not only more useful than others but have proven to be easier to attain and also prove to create a more substantial amount of energy. Today, the most widely used form of renewable energy is hydroelectric energy. Making up 20 percent of global electricity generation, hydroelectric energy is crucial in the production of electrical power and sustaining the environment. How It Works Hydroelectric energy is produced through the use of falling or flowing water. Large amounts of water usually contained in dams flow through a passageway called a penstock. In order for the water to fall and flow into a penstock the dam must be built on a large body of water with a large drop in elevation. After flowing through the penstock the water intake rushes through and forcefully turns a turbine propeller. Connected to the turbine propeller is a shaft. The shaft continues out of the water and connects to a generator and a powerhouse. The generator thus produces electricity into the powerhouse and ultimately into surrounding homes and buildings in proximity to the dam. The water then continues to flow into the major body of water from which it came andShow MoreRelatedAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1710 Words   |  7 Pagesconcern for our environment, alternative energy has become a source of energy that is an alternative to the problem that these fossil fuels h ave caused our Earth. Alternative energy are renewable and is considered to be free energy sources (Alternative Energy). All alternative energy sources have lower carbon emissions when being compared to conventional energy sources. These sources include Biomass Energy, Wind, Solar, Geothermal, and Hydroelectric Energy (Alternative Energy). With the use of recyclingRead MoreAlternative Energy For Renewable Energy Sources3426 Words   |  14 Pagesworld has depended on one form of energy for transportation, and that is fossil fuels. This means as our demand for these fossil fuels increases our supply will decrease dramatically. As supply dwindles and costs rise, nations will be forced to utilize alternative energy sources. Coal, both non-renewable and environmentally destructive, is the most likely near-term candidate for replacing oil as a primary energy source. In order to achieve a secure and stable energy supply that does not cause environmentalRead MoreAlternative Sources O f Energy For Renewable Energy1766 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract Majority of electricity generated in New Zealand are mainly from renewable source of energy that are naturally occurring. These source of energy are not consumed when converted hence they will not be depleted, and they are constantly reusable and replenish naturally. Increase in research and investment toward renewable energy will benefit New Zealand society as it will generate less pollution, and more jobs opportunities will emerge. Furthermore it will benefit New Zealand by reinforcingRead MoreAlternative Energy Sources For Renewable Energy1466 Words   |  6 Pagesseeking new forms of energy that will provide clean energy and also preserve Earth s lifespan. The use of renewable and non-renewable resources has been a major controversy throughout history; renewable energy such as wind power has been the main focus of this issue. Many would believe wind energy is the best renewable power source because it is the cleanest and most efficient, whereas, others view wind energy as a tim e bomb that will soon destroy the planet. Alternative energy sources should replaceRead MoreRenewable Energy : Alternative Energy Sources1906 Words   |  8 PagesNon- Renewable Energy These energy sources are very efficient in the way they work and provide for our needs. Unfortunately, there are two immense disadvantages for fossil fuels and non-renewable resources. They are named non renewable for a reason, the process that these resources go through literally takes millions of years for them to be useful for our needs. â€Å"We have to recognize there is a finite planetary quantity of each nonrenewable resource that can be recovered economically. In theory,Read MoreAlternative Energy Resources : Renewable Energy Source848 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate energy resources are being developed to compete against the fossil fuel power stations. Fossil fuel such as coal and oil are drilled and shoveled out of the ground and then processed to be turned into electricity. Problems with fossil fuels are that they produce hazardous air emissions and give off by-products that will harm the area. Some well-known alternate renewable energy resources are wind, solar, and hydr o power. These are all sources that are in abundance and will be around forRead MoreAlternative Sources of Renewable Energy Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesthe need for energy is growing as well. We are accustomed to using fossil fuels as our central source of energy for everyday uses. Fossil fuels are a natural matter that is found in the ground of the Earth formed in a previous time period millions of years ago that are nonrenewable and are used for energy today. Fossil fuels have to be burned in order to produce energy. When nonrenewable resources have been used, they cannot restock themselves or ever be used again. Renewable energy is a supplyRead MoreAssess the Potential of Three Sources of Renewable Energy as Alternatives to Using Fossil Fuels in the Developing World1850 Words   |  8 Pagesbecame the main source of energy. However, faced with the notable increase demand for energy, fossil fuel, as a non-renewable resource becomes scarcer and more expensive nowadays. To solve this problem, the world needs to replace fossil fuels with other sources of energy which are relatively low-cost and more secure. Renewable energy is such a potential energy. This essay will give an outline of three sources of renewable energy to be used in developing nations, which are solar energy, wind power andRead MoreRenewable Energy : The Beneficial Option For The Future !1227 Words   |  5 PagesRenewable energy; the beneficial option for the future! The threat of global warming is influencing people to become â€Å"greener,† turning to renewable energy options which are often referred to as alternative energy. Renewable energy refers to energy that does not come from burning of fossil fuels or pollutant infused methods to provide energy. It is the harnessing of natural resources that are constantly renewable such as sunlight for solar panels and wind for wind turbines, just to name two (LambRead MoreNew And Alternative Sources Of Energy1311 Words   |  6 Pages Today s society uses enormous amounts of energy. *The shadow of our presence on this planet is a result of generations upon generations of production and utilization of energy*. New and alternative sources of energy are being developed to replace the declining accessibility of coal and fossil fuels. Use of renewable energy is a key component in combatting the climate change that has become a major issue in the 21st century. Reducing our impact on the climate as a result of greenhouse gas emissions

New Jersey Revenue Reform Free Essays

In his State of the State speech, Governor Corzine identified five broad areas of revenue reform in New Jersey, i.e., pensions and benefits, shared services, debt reduction, modernization of the tax structure, and sustainability. We will write a custom essay sample on New Jersey Revenue Reform or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The centerpiece of the direct property tax relief is the tax credits in the form of 20%, 15%, and 10%, depending on the amount of income per household.   Governor Corzine was explicit about this in his speech. He was equally explicit in stating that for the tax credit system to work, there must be a solid, concrete source of funding.   For this, he pointed out the sales tax revenues and the redirected homestead rebates will supply the first influx of financing.   As for the succeeding years, the balance is proposed to come from the following: 1) cost savings achieved through regular and independent auditing by a new, nonpolitical state comptroller; 2) consolidations and shared services; 3) collective bargaining on pension and health benefits; 4) asset monetization designed to reduce the state’s credit card payments and provide the capacity to make capital investments in the future of the state; and 5) 4% cap on the increase in the property tax levy, claimed to be the key for sustainability of the tax credit system.   Each of these is supposed to contribute to the sustainability of the reform program, with the cap and the credit working off each other to attain the goal. Reacting to the speech, Assembly Minority Leader Alex DeCroce stated that â€Å"sadly, after five years of Democrat control, the state of our state has never been worse.   The toxic mix of high property taxes, public corruption, a mountain of debt, wasteful state spending and anti-economic growth policies are making New Jersey unaffordable for middle class families† (The Associated Press 2007). Superficially, Governor Corzine’s recommendations seem to be nothing more than political grandstanding, since all 120 legislative seats are slated for elections this year.   Clunn (2006) points out that in 2005, State House representatives promised to enact real property tax reforms by year-end of 2006, with no results.   The recommendations of the State House were effectively countered by the Governor’s apparent desire to negotiate benefits reforms rather than make tax cuts, something that the State House representatives endeavored to get approved for five months. Corzine’s actions since his election have lead to the creation of a blogspot on the internet, called NJ Fiscal Folly, where citizens voice out their criticisms against the Governor.   Many individuals reacted negatively to the raising of sales taxes from 6% to 7%, the refusal of essential state spending reforms, and the addition of $270 Million to the Governor’s already significant pork (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006). For the bloggers, â€Å"any talk about setting aside a portion of the tax increase is simply blather, nothing more than lipstick on the pig† (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).   More so when paired with the proposed alternative budget for 2007, which involved barely any spending cuts, save for a lower contribution to the pension system, and the Governor’s threat to shut down state government unless the legislature approves his proposed budget (NJ Fiscal Folly 2006).   The sales tax increase was supposed to supply $1.2 Billion in revenues for the government. There are a few people, however, that are trying to look past the politics and are objectively assessing whether or not the proposals are actually feasible or if they will produce the desired results.   Senator Gormley, a Republican, thinks that the speech given by the Governor gave a â€Å"matter-of-fact outline of what needs to be done†, but it remains to be seen whether or not it will be done (Rispoli 2007), since talk of revenue reform has been just that, talk, for the past half a decade, with New Jersey’s property tax reliance at double the nationwide rate.   Hester (2007) reports that legislators are hoping to have the new tax system of property tax credits in place before the bills go out this summer, which are checks mailed to homeowners as tax relief. Others reacted more constructively to the Governor’s empowered speech, such as William G. Dressel, Jr. Executive Director of the New Jersey State League of Municipalities.   Dressel (2006) applauded some of the proposed reforms while rejecting others, but stated that the recommendations will â€Å"generally help to limit future pension and benefits costs.† After a preliminary analysis of the proposed recommendations, Dressel (2006) pointed out that there are certain things lacking therein which the special session needs to provide for, such as the burdensome relationship between the real property tax payers and the members of the Police and Firemen’s Retirement System, and the enforcement of the moratorium on new benefits.   Dressel (2006) rejected outright the proposal to ban dual elective office holding and the tying a portion of property tax relief funding to adherence with the Efficiency Commission. He also commented that with respect to the original recommendation by the governor on shared services, there seemed to be a deviation in the course being taken by the special session.   He pointed out that thus far, there were no recommendations on debt reduction and no specific provisions for sustainability, and that the proposals to modernize the tax system were deficient in supplying a funding source for the changes sought, specifically the tax credit system reducing residential property taxes by 20%. Hester (2007) reports that this 20% cut would require $2 Billion per annum and be funded by money previously allocated for property tax rebates and sales tax revenue, with the government relying on the previous year’s excess sales tax revenue to serve as initial funding, but with the need to find $400 Million more each year to fund the tax cut past the current year. Caslander (2007) opines that with the proposed changes, New Jersey would be better of changing its name from the Garden State to the â€Å"Tax Capital†.   Treating the proposals as being analogous to â€Å"finding free cheese in a mouse trap†, Caslander (2007) believes that the solutions will alleviate the problem only for a short term, but that the problem will remain, and in effect, the current proposed solutions will only end up compounding the problem, because the solution involves granting tax relief now but providing for its funding later. Rebovich (2006), after the first special session, commented that perhaps an ideal real property tax reform program would involve an extension of the sales tax, an increase in income tax rates, and savings from benefit reductions, as in effect, the burden would be shared or distributed among different people, and the effects on business and the economy would not be so harsh. Considering that the Governor’s state of the state speech cannot be expected to expound completely the mechanics of the proposed reform, that could perhaps account for the lack of details as to how the proposed changes will work.   At first glance, the proposals seem to conform to Rebovich’s picture of what would be an ideal real property tax reform program to alleviate the current situation in New Jersey.   Both public and private sectors are affected, and it seems that the burden is spread out.   However, there are still many things that need to be addressed. For example, how exactly will the tax credit system work?   How much will it take to develop the system and install it in place of the current system?   How will the new system be funded in order to be put in place?   These questions are as important as determining where the funding for the credits themselves will be taken.   Without concrete plans for the working and implementation of the credit system, it will definitely not work, and the reforms desired will not be attained. Also, what will be the cost of implementing a new system of auditing?   And what guarantee is there that the new state comptroller will be, as he is described â€Å"nonpolitical†?   What about consolidation and shared services?   The Governor stated that this area needs some review, but there must be a specific set of rules or criteria to help determine which areas or branches should be consolidated, and which should remain independent, as well as which particular services should be shared.    As for reduction of pension and health benefits, is there potential liability on the part of the state for those who claim a vested right to the value of the benefits they receive, especially with respect to pension and retirement benefits of those who have been receiving them for years?   Spreading the burden of paying for the proposed reforms is a good idea, but is it just?   What if the state ends up spending more because of litigation?   Then the expenses would merely be redirected elsewhere, but the burden would still be heavy for a lot of people.   The idea of banning dual elective office holding is a good idea, whatever curtailing effects it might seem to have on the right of suffrage of the electorate. Public office is a public trust, and from the person in office should be expected no less than the duty of utmost fidelity and loyalty to the people he represents.   The tendency in holding dual offices is that the efforts of the public officer will be divided, and the quality of his services might be diminished.   As for Dressel’s arguments against the Efficiency Commission, perhaps a set of rules to govern the proceedings and determinations made by the Commission, as well as a mode of appeal or review of its determinations, would be enough of a safeguard against the danger of subjectivity pointed out. Objectively, the recommendations given are feasible, but more work needs to be put in fine tuning the plans and executing them.   The cooperation of everyone is needed; instead of blindly criticizing, constructive comments and active participation can make the proposals for reform work. Reference List: Dressel Jr., William G. Legislators Haven’t Gone Far Enough For Taxpayers. 23 November 2006. 12 January 2006. ;http://www.app.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006611230369; Hester J., Tom.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Corzine: Time is Now For Property Relief.† Courier Post Online.   9 January 2007. 12 January 2007. ;http://www.courierpostonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070109/NEWS01; The Associated Press. Reaction to Corzine’s Speech. 9 January 2007. 12 January 2007. ;http://www.courierpostonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200770109023; Rispoli, Michael. â€Å"Corzine Reiterates Need For Pension, Health Care System Reforms.† Courier Post Online. 9 January 2007. 12 January 2007. ;http://www.courierpostonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070109/NEWS01; Hester Jr., Tom. â€Å"Democrats See New Deadline for Tax Reform, Hope System Will be in Place Before Bills Go Out This Summer.† Daily Record. 11 January 2007. 12 january 2007. ;http://www.dailyrecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007601110373; Caslander, Thomas Paine. â€Å"New Jersey Should Change Its Nickname from the Garden State to the ‘Tax Capital’†.   10 January 2007. 12 January 2007.   ;http://www.thedailyjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007701100329; Clunn, Nicholas. â€Å"Hopes For Tax Reform Crashed and Burned.† Courier Post Online. 27 December 2006. 12 January 2006. ;http://www.courierpostonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061227/NEWS01/612270446/-1/ARCHIVES; Blogger. NJ Fiscal Folly. 8 July 2006. 12 January 2007. ;http://njfiscalfolly.blogspot.com/; Rebovich, David P. Political Interests and Economic Reality Clash at Special Session. 2 August 2006. 12 January 2007. ;http://politics.nexcess.net/rebovich/2006/08/political_interests_and_econom.html; How to cite New Jersey Revenue Reform, Essay examples

Nursing and the Division of Labour in Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Nursing and the Division of Labour in Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: It is fundamental for medical professionals to maintain the highest standards of care as far as patients are concerned since any mistake can be fatal and can even result in the death of a patient. Laws have been created to ensure that medical professionals are very careful when handling patients and to ensure that the professionals know the consequences of their actions before they do them. It is important for professionals to work within their scope of practice since they are trained in that area and that makes it less likely that they would make mistakes. However, mistakes can occur sometimes as much as a medical professional may try to maintain the highest standards as stipulated in the law so in case a mistake occurs it is crucial for the medical professional to respond appropriately with haste to try and rectify the situation. NSW health medication handling policy is directly associated with the scenario in question (Western Australia, 2013). The rule combines the best practice doctrines on drug procurement, possession, storage, prescribing, provision, supplying, administering as well as recording at the NSW public health amenities with the requirements of the NWS poisons and therapeutic goods act of 1966 and the poisons and therapeutic goods regulation 2008, NWS health guidelines and NWS health directives pertinent to medication management (Merner Victoria, 2009). As far as the registered nurse is concerned, there is standard of care that is expected of him. One, he should think critically and analyze nursing practice. Registered nurses should use a variety of thinking strategies at their disposal as well as the best available evidence in making decisions such as research findings so as to guarantee safe and quality nursing practice. He should also employ ethical background when making decisions. This also includes maintenance of accurate, comprehensive as well as timely documentation of assessment, planning decision making, actions, and evaluations (Billings, Kennedy, Grano, Davey, Riley Leo Cussen Institute. 2008). Two, he should comprehensively conduct assessments. A registered nurse conducts valuations that are not only all-inclusive but also artistically appropriate. He or she employs a wide range of examination methods aimed at analytically collecting pertinent and accurate data for the purposes of informing practice (Arcus New South Wales, 2001). He or she should also work in partnership so as to determine factors that potentially affect the wellbeing and health of individuals and the general population so as to prioritize on the next plan of action (Standing, 2011). Three, he should engage in therapeutic as well as professional relationships. A registered nurse institutes sustains as well as concludes relationships in a way that observes boundaries between friendship and professional relationships. He or she also communicates effectively in a way that shows respect to an individuals values, culture, rights, dignity as well as beliefs. The nurse provides the needed assistance and directs individuals to resources so as to help them make informed decisions. The professional reports any notifiable conduct of health workers, health professionals among others. To achieve improved health outcomes, the registered nurse employs delegation, supervision, consultation, coordination as well as referrals in professional relationships (American Nurses Association Health Ministries Association, 2012). Four, he should take it upon himself to engineer a strategy for nursing practice. Employing the best available evidence as well as assessment data, the registered nurse is able to develop a plan. The nurse in consultation with other stakeholders constructs nursing practice strategies until possibilities, goals, outcomes, and timeframes are agreed with the pertinent people. He also coordinates resources efficiently and effectively for planned actions. The nurse should document, evaluate as well as make changes to the plan for the purposes of facilitating the agreed outcomes (Crisp, Taylor, Douglas, Rebeiro, 2012). Five, he should evaluate outcomes to inform nursing practice. A registered nurse evaluates and monitors progress to ensure that everything is heading in the right direction for the desired result to be achieved. The nurse based on the evaluation reviews the plan determines further priorities, goals, and outcomes but in consultation with the relevant stakeholders (Tschudin Davis, 2008). Six, the professional should maintain the capability for practice. A Registered nurse as regulated health professional after consideration responds in a manner that is time conscious to his or her wellbeing as well as that of others relative to the capability for practice. The professional also make available crucial information and education necessary for people to enhance their control over health. He or she employs a lifelong learning strategy so as to continue to develop professionally, therefore, developing others in the process. A registered nurse most importantly accepts responsibility for choices, actions, behaviors as well as responsibilities inherent in the assigned role and for the acts of others who essentially take orders from the professional. The nurse identifies and at the same time promotes the crucial role of nursing practice and the vocation in engendering better health conclusions for citizens (Burton Ludwig, 2014). Finally, he should provide safe, suitable as well as receptive nursing practice. The registered nurse delivers complete, safe as well as quality practice so that there are favorable outcomes that are in line with the nursing needs of the people. The nurse also practices within his or her scope of practice. Vitally, the nurse appropriately delegates prospects to enrolled nurses and others keeping in mind their scope of practice. Furthermore, the nurse provides effective timely direction as well as supervision for the purposes of making sure that the delegated practice is not only safe but correct as well (Nurses Midwives Board of Australia, 2016). The nurse practices within the relevant standards, guidelines, regulations as well as legislations. Using the appropriate processes, the nurse identifies and reports potential and actual risk related system issues as well as a situation where practice may fall below the recommended standard ( Fedoruk Hofmeyer, 2012). This standard of care that is expected by the registered nurse is determined by his or her performance as far as successful treatment of patients is concerned. When the professional upholds this standard then there is no room for errors and mistakes are minimal hence if there are constant mistakes, this is a warning sign that the standards of care given by the professional are on a downward spiral (Guido, 2010). It is important for professionals to work within their scope of practice. A persons scope of practice is influenced by his or her education, experience, knowledge, skills as well as currency. It is crucial to for a professional to know his or her scope of practice as well as other members of the team primarily because if a task is delegated and it is not done to satisfaction, then the professional remains accountable. First, working within ones scope of practice ensures that one does not get in trouble with the licensing body. When medical professionals like registered nurses engage in practices that beyond their scope then the licensing authority can take drastic measures to discipline the individual. This can include suspension or fines to the relevant individual (Allen Hughes, 2002). Secondly, working outside the scope of practice compromises the safety of the patient. The patient is usually at risk because the procedures being undertaken can be delicate and without the necessary knowledge, skill, experience as well as education, then chances are that the condition may escalate instead of healing. This act of kindness may take a turn for against you especially if the patient dies after being handled by a person acting beyond his or her scope of practice (Dossey, Keegan Barrere, 2016). Thirdly, Working within ones scope of practice improves performance. When a professional does one procedure for several months or years, he or she gets used to it hence gaining experience and confidence to do the work. This reduces the number of mistakes done hence the professional becomes very good at what they do hence attracting more client and the level of healthcare service delivery increases significantly (Stahl Sage Publications, 2004). Finally, working within the scope of practice aids when it comes to insurance claims. Mistakes are bound to happen no matter how careful a professional tries to avoid them. As such if a mistake is committed while treating, for example, a patient, if the registered nurse is within her or his scope then the insurance companies are able to settle any claims that may arise out of the mistake but just in case the expert was beyond his or her scope of practice then the case becomes very complicated. Since the insurance companies usually distance themselves from the expert (Huston, 2006). Responding appropriately when a mistake occurs during professional practice enables the professionals to arrest the situation as early as possible before the problem escalates. When a mistake occurs how fast the response determines the damage that will be caused. Any delays only make the situation worse and incase the mistake is carried out by a surgeon while operation on a patient how fast the response is can determine whether the patient will survive or die (Fisher Scott, 2013). Responding appropriately when errors occur helps avoid lawsuits. Handling mistakes as fast as possible according to the laid down procedure ensures that grounds for lawsuits are minimized. Lawsuits are very detrimental to professionals since they may result in jail time, or even temporary suspension cancellation of practicing licenses (Peters Peters, 2008). All in all, legislations exist to hold professionals accountable for their decisions and actions. Establishment of standards and regulations in the medical profession ensures that patients receive the best quality of service available. Registered nurses are expected to uphold the highest standard of care for patients at all times. Professionals should work within their scope of practice so as to ensure better services and avoid unnecessary conflicts with the law. When mistakes occur it is fundamental to respond with haste to arrest the situation before it becomes worse and also to avoid lawsuits. References Allen, D., Hughes, D. (2002).Nursing and the division of labour in healthcare. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. American Nurses Association., Health Ministries Association. (2012).Faith community nursing: Scope and standards of practice. Silver Spring, Maryland: American Nurses Association. Arcus, J., New South Wales. (2001).Policy on the handling of medication in New South Wales public hospitals. Gladesville, N.S.W: NSW Health Dept. References Billings, J., Kennedy, E., Grano, P., Davey, P., Riley, T., Leo Cussen Institute. (2008).Medical treatment laws in practice. Melbourne: Leo Cussen. Burton, M., Ludwig, L. J. M. (2014).Fundamentals of nursing care: Concepts, connections skills. Crisp, J., Taylor, C., Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G. (2012).Potter Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing - AUS Version. London: Elsevier Health Sciences APAC. Dossey, B. M., Keegan, L., In Barrere, C. (2016).Holistic nursing: A handbook for practice. Fedoruk, M., Hofmeyer, A. (2012).Becoming a nurse: Making the transition to practice. South Melbourne, Vic: Oxford University Press. Fisher, M., Scott, M. (2013).Patient safety and managing risk in nursing. Guido, G. W. (2010).Legal ethical issues in nursing. Boston: Pearson. Huston, C. J. (2006).Professional issues in nursing: Challenges opportunities. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Merner, B., Victoria. (2009).Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (Victoria) Bill 2009. Melbourne: Parliamentary Library Research Service, Dept. of Parliamentary Services. Nurses Midwives Board of Western Australia. (2016).Nurses and Midwives Board of Australia. East Perth, W.A: The Board. Peters, G. A., Peters, B. J., Peters, G. A. (2008).Medical error and patient safety: Human factors in medicine. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor Francis. Stahl, M. J., Sage Publications. (2004).Encyclopedia of health care management. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. Standing, M. (2011).Clinical judgement and decision making for nursing students. Exeter: Learning Matters. Tschudin, V., Davis, A. J. (2008).The globalisation of nursing. Oxford: Radcliffe Pub. Western Australia. (2013).Poisons Act 1964. Perth: Government Printer.

Roman Collusiums Essays - Violence In Sports, Titus,

Roman Collusiums Architecture of the ancient Roman Empire is considered one of the most impressive of all time. The city of Rome once was home to more than one million residents in the early centuries AD1. The Romans had a fine selection of building monuments in the city of Rome including the forums for civic services, temples of worship, and amphitheaters for recreation and play. The Romans made great use and pioneered great architecture mechanisms including arches, columns, and even mechanical elements in pulleys and early elevators. However, when one tends to think of great buildings, one building stands out in Rome. This building is the Flavian Amphitheatre, or better known as the Colosseum. When discussing such a great monument such as the Colosseum, it is very important to realize the time, place, and culture in wish it stood to fully understand both its form and function. In the beginnings, Rome was both influenced by the Etruscans of the North and Greeks of Italy and South but had its basic roots from a long time of Samnite domination2. The Etruscans were that of an interesting type as described by Peter Quennell: The Etruscans...combined a passionate devotion to the ordinary pleasures of life with a haunting fear of death. They were cruel, too, and deeply superstitious...their victims were ordered to fight among themselves until the last had fallen. The Etruscans would have a strong impression in Roman lifestyles and philosophies. For example, the purple robe worn by leaders would be later adopted by the Romans. They also were the influence which brought gladiatorial battles of sacrifice into the Roman culture. This was a time of blood thirsty humans who loved the site of battle. Even an early christian named Alypius proclaimed that he "took away with him a mad passion which prodded him not only to return (to gladatior events) with those by whom he had first been forced in, but even ahead of them and dragging in others."3 This was a time of paganism, which meant sacrifice and death. Early christians were persecuted for their beliefs in the first few centuries. Clearly in Rome, the focus was not only on religion or the emporer, but we have a focus on leisure and activities. It is said that of a three-hundred and sixty-five day year that one-hundred and fifty days were celebrated as regular holidays, with over ninety days given up to games4. This type of lifestyle would dominate the cities and architecture of the Romans for some time to come. The people of Rome enjoyed theatres, battles, races, baths, comical events, and of course the game of death. There were many forums, temples, and many amphitheaters in the history of Rome, however only a few stand out even today. The Colosseum is the greatest standing building of Rome, and one of the most recognized worldwide architectural achievements to this day. The amphitheater is a type of architecture that was without Greek precedents. This makes sense since its primary purpose was to hold gladitiator fights and brutal shows which were banned in Athens at the time. Such events held in Roman amphitheaters were horseracing, gymnastics, mock cavalry battles, footraces, prizefighting, wrestling, fights between animals, between men, animals and men, and even naumachiae, or mock sea battles5. One of the first amphitheaters was the Pompeian amphitheater of Pompeii of 30 BC. Like the Colosseum, it was oval in plan. It was supported on great masses of solid earth pierced by a broad corridor at each end. Stone seats were added at one time but most spectators sat on the earth or wooden chairs. Although this amphitheater was a great innovation, it would be eclipsed by the Flavian Amphitheater, better known as the Colosseum. The great building although fitting and plain in design to its surroundings of Rome still stood out due to its sheer monstrosity and oval shape. Although the site viewed today is still a marvel, back in the days of its prime it was a spectacular site that would be difficult to apprehend with only words[TVK1]. [TVK2] The city which held the great structure was full of great examples of the use of arches, columns from every order, and of course sheer size. When traveling the city to the Colosseum the whole area had been paved and railed off. The approach was taken by cobbled slabs of lava, and then one entered an area paved with travertine more than five thousand feet wide and surrounded by huge boundary stones6. To a spectator at the time the Colosseum from the outside

Using a Focus Word to Help With Pronunciation

Using a Focus Word to Help With Pronunciation Pronunciation can be improved by focusing on the right words. Knowing the difference between content words and function words is the first step. Remember that we stress content words in English as they provide the words that are most important to understanding a sentence. In other words, function words like the prepositions  at, from, or to are not stressed, whereas content words such as the nouns city or investment and main verbs like study or develop are stressed because they are key to understanding. Step 1: Find the Focus Word Once you are familiar with using content words to help with stress and intonation, its time to take it to the next level by choosing a focus word. The focus word (or words in some cases) is the most important word in a sentence. For example: Why didnt you telephone?  I waited all day! In these two sentences, the word telephone is the central focus. Its the key to understanding both sentences. Someone might answer this question by saying: I didnt telephone because I was so busy.   In this case, busy would be the focus word as it provides the main explanation for someone being late. When saying the focus word, its common to stress this word more than the other content words. This may include raising the voice  or speaking the word louder to add emphasis. Step 2: Change Focus Words to Move the Conversation Along Focus words may change as you move through a conversation. Its common to choose focus words that provide the next topic for discussion. Take a look at this short conversation, notice how the focus word (marked in  bold)  changes to move the conversation forward. Bob: Were flying to Las Vegas next week.Alice: Why are you going there?Bob: Im going to win a fortune!Alice: You need to get real. Nobody wins a fortune in Las Vegas.Bob: Thats not true. Jack won a fortune there last year.Alice: No, Jack got married. He didnt win a fortune.Bob: Thats what I call winning a fortune. I dont need to gamble to win a fortune.Alice: Looking for love in Las Vegas is definitely not the answer.Bob: OK. What is the answer in your opinion?Alice: I think you need to start dating girls from here.Bob: Dont get me started on girls from here. Theyre all out of my league!Alice: Come on Bob, youre a nice guy. You will find someone.Bob: I hope so... Stressing these key words helps change the topic from a vacation in Las Vegas  to finding someone to marry to solving Bobs love life issues.   Practice: Choose the Focus Word Now its up to you to choose the focus word. Choose the focus word for each sentence or group of short sentences. Next, practice speaking these sentences while making sure to emphasize the stress word more.   What do you want to do this afternoon? Im bored!Why didnt you tell me she had a birthday?Im hungry. Lets get some lunch.Nobodys here. Where has everyone gone?I think Tom should buy lunch. I bought lunch last week.Are you going to finish work or waste time?You always complain about work. I think you need to stop.Lets get Italian food. Im tired of Chinese food.The students are getting horrible grades. Whats wrong?Our class is going to have a test on Friday. Make sure you prepare. The focus word for most of these should be clear. However, remember that its possible to change the focus word in order to bring out different meanings. Another good way to practice is to use sound scripting - the marking up of your text - to help you practice dialogues.

W2 Disc Innovation Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W2 Disc Innovation Organization - Essay Example Two guidelines that fuel innovation at Nike are: (1) asking questions on the organization’s competencies and its directions by understanding risks and opportunities; and (2) using scenario planning to â€Å"assess the potential impacts that external issues such as climate change or resource scarcity might have on NIKE† (Nike, Inc., 2014, p. 1). These guidelines are consistent with those behaviors which managers should encourage to ensure innovation is applied: (1) ask questions to identify opportunities and problems; (2) learn new skills; (3) assume a proactive stance and take risks; and (4) align personal values and beliefs with the organizational values and goals (White & Bruton, 2011). According to Nidumolu, Pralahad, & Rangaswami (2009), â€Å"the key to progress, particularly in times of economic crisis, is innovation† (p. 1). From the guidelines set by Nike, as well as lessons learned from White & Bruton (2011), innovation could be strategically managed through the knowledge of theoretical frameworks, and effectively applying these in contempory settings, toward attaining explicitly defined goals. Nidumolu, R., Pralahad, C., & Rangaswami, M. (2009, September). Why Sustainability Is Now the Key Driver of Innovation. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review:

GE Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

GE Energy - Essay Example Furthermore, the current students are free to select their subjects of specializations depending on individual’s capability, unlike some 10 decades ago when had no choice but to pursue the few offered courses . The traditional colleges specialized in specific subjects, for instance; there were the engineering, law, and medicine and art schools among others (Brian, 2007). However, the modern learning institutions offer both courses but at different departments. All these factors contribute to the adoption of specific careers. Academic researchers have proven that although career selection depends on individuals trainings or education, there are chances of one picking career not related to his/her areas of study. This is because we live in a dynamic world where some skills are not necessarily offered in classes but in the practicing fields. This work is about selection of my two favorite careers. It further explains some of the factors I considered before such selections and the like challenges. 1.1 Water Engineering career Water engineering is one of my favorite careers. A water engineer is required to design and supervise implementations of water related projects like ground water explorations, waster water treatment, water supply and water metering among other responsibilities. One has to perform well in the sciences like Physics, Chemistry and mathematics to get admissions in the engineering colleges or universities. Further aspiring water engineer I have been watching engineering documentaries from YouTube among other sources. I have always admired innovations certain peculiar skills to save my county, country and the world as a whole (Broodly, 2006). My passion to be a water engineer was further triggered after watching some families in the developing nations, more so children perishing or even dying out of hunger. I watched some Christian based non-governmental organizations strive to reduce such sufferings through initiating water projects like bor e hill drilling, construction of watersheds and rain and storm water harvesting among other projects. Since then, I kept reading engineering journals from the local and national libraries. I also used my smart phone to access some online materials touching on the engineering field. 1.2 Environmental consultant My second career choice is an environmental consultant. This implies providing consultancy services to companies, governmental agencies and private projects among other sectors. One requires to have attended environment management courses to qualify or undertake the career. An environmental consultant would conduct environmental impact assessment or audits to starting and ongoing projects respectively. Environment is a very important aspect in the economical development in the society since majority of raw materials in the modern industries depends on the sustainability of the environment. 2.0 Feasibility 2.1 Feasibility inWater engineering career One has to consider certain c urrent issues before the final decision with regard to career selection. Researchers lament that the majority of graduates end up selecting wrong career choices due to

Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Justice - Essay Example The need for justice is necessitated because of claims made by an individual or groups on the other on the ground of misconduct or unfairness. Crime is one of the prevalent forms of such misconduct and hence it calls for the development of a special branch of the judiciary system which is known as the criminal justice system. The extent of the crime rate has been on the rise and continues to be so presently. However, the question that comes up is whether justice has been able to reach each of the victims and has led to the happiness of the society through its regulation. The answer to this question is well –known to all. Daily reports of crime show the extent to which such activities have increased and how the perpetrators go about moving freely in the society. This does not imply that the concepts of justice has changed, it only reflects the underlying inability of the concerned authorities to impart it. Justice is a social order that keeps individuals safe from crimes such as thefts, murders, assaults and abuses. In the macro sense, it protects countries from wars, terrorism and other types of ‘unjust’ activities. Justice also ensures a person’s freedom and autonomy in making choices. However, the role of justice in taking actions comes into play when such freedoms are misused by those individuals. (Kelsen) Criminal justice has been formulated to control incidents of crime as a part of the justice imparting system. The role of justice is not only to give the seeker his due rights but also to create an environment that is not conducive of crime. That is to explain that it does not only punish the perpetrator and thus gives justice to the victim, it also has a duty to transform the perpetrator to avoid recidivism. Further, in the eyes of justice, every one is equal. Justice does not show biases and favoritism. Thus, the punishing of a criminal is the duty of justice not for the sake of the

The Effect Of Technology On Human Thinking

The Effect Of Technology On Human Thinking This essay starts an exploration of how technologies impact the human way of thinking. In particular, it examines how the new computers technologies affect the architecture design. The first section highlights the relationship between human values and technology through reviewing some contradicted philosophical views and studying how the information technology inspired the way its work from the human brain. The second section goes in more specifically to review the connection between architecture design and technology, while the third section analysis some architecture Computer Technologies have significantly changed the human life in the twentieth century, and the premise is that information technology has arguably been the most important driver of change in our lives and will carry on to be so far at least the next several decades is completely true. Computer has altered every aspect of our life from a social standpoint to the most importantly a communication standpoint. As a result of this change there was a clash between computer technology and human values especially in the mid of the last century when the first generation of computers was produced. Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) was one of the most innovative, influential and controversial thinker of the twentieth century and there is no philosopher describes the conflict of human value and technology so precisely as Heidegger. Unfortunately, Heidegger died before seeing the most powerful technological revolution and the wide spread of microcomputer, he just saw the first generation of computers, but the nature of his work allows him to cover the hole between the period before computers and after, and therefore his writings become the starting point for the other thinkers to identify with the new situation of the technology and the societies. Heidegger when he coupled between being and time, he knew that reality changes and with it the task of thinking. He sensed the rapidity of change in the twentieth century, and he appeared to predict what librarians grasp today: the image of humanist scholar in the book-crammed study, thinking deep thoughts, will continue to be less and less viable in the professional scholarship.(Holibaugh, 1988). This recent notice by Holibaugh the director of Olin and Chalmers libraries at Kenyon College prove what Heidegger in his writings assumed: our rapid technological advance challenges the legacy of human thinking (Heim, 1993). Heidegger in 1967 said in his own writings when he saw the rising crest of information: Maybe history and tradition will fit smoothly into the information retrieval systems that will serve as a resource for the inevitable planning needs of a cybernetically organized mankind. The question is whether thinking, too, will end in the business of information processing (Heidegger, 1967). Not far from Heidegger Marshall McLuhan, 1911-80. Communication theorist, who did not live to see the proliferation of personal computers. He credited technology with breaking the linearity of human lives and thinking, McLuhan (1964) described the twentieth century, it is the speed of electric involvement that creates the integral whole of both private and public awareness. We live today in the age of information and of communication because electric media instantly and constantly create a total field of interacting events in which all men participate. By the mid-twentieth century there were some philosophical views have argued that the computer appears as a rival intelligence that challenges the human being to a contest (Heim, 1993). Hubert Dreyfus the professor of philosophy in University of California Has studied the danger of computers and he conclude that we must know exactly what computers can and what computers cant do, Dreyfus said that the midtwentieth century culture tended to read the human being as an information processing system and the researchers described the brain as a programmed digital computer. Dreyfus noted that the brain can be described as processing information because its physicality and this will leads us into unexamined dogma that the human thinking operates in formal patterns and that appropriately programmed computers possibly will repeat thought patterns. If computers could repeat thought patterns, might we not then reasonable say that computer think or have artificial intelligence (Heim, 1993). Dreyf us continued to argue that the human thinking and expertise depend primarily on unconscious instincts rather than conscious symbolic manipulation and these unconscious abilities could never be obtain in formal systems. Dreyfus critique was based on modern philosopher like Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, Dreyfus applied Heideggers critique of technology to computers, but he understand the computer too narrowly as an artificial intelligence device and he saw the computer only as opponent. Dreyfus wrote in the introduction of his book What Computers Still Cant Do (1992), Artificial intelligence, our programs to a great degree are problems rather than solutions. If a researcher tries to write an understanding program, it isnt because he has thought of a better way of implementing this well-understood task, but because he hopes he can come closer to writing the first implementation. If he calls the main loop of his program UNDERSTANDING, he is (until proven innocent) merely begging the ques tion. He may mislead a lot of people, most prominently himself, and enrage a lot of others. Very different point of view from Dreyfuss belief which instead of regarding the computer as a potential rival it is better to interface with computers. The computers play a fundamental role in human life and it have many purposes and it has used in various types of environments, such as educational, medical, entertainment, and so on. Computer has become an important thread in the texture of the human civilization and human daily reliance on computers influences the way the culture proceeds in everything. As a result, the research and the development today are moving away from the artificial intelligence to research in human computer interaction, including information environment virtual reality by augmented human bodily perception. CYBERSPACE, and changing the way of life Since the last decade in the twentieth century, computer networks have captured people attention. All types of media have been filled with news about the internet (information superhighway) and of the financial and political fortunes to be made on it. As a result, the sales of computers increase dramatically and more people are getting connected to the net. Computer networks are now have many purposes and widely used. There are many terms have been used to describe the information superhighway such as the net, the web, and cyberspace, while each one emphasize different feature of network technology and its role, meaning and impact. Whichever the term is used, it is clear that computer networks have a great impact on our life by creating many new social atmospheres in which people can meet and interact with one another (Kollock, P.,Smith, M., 1999). Heim (1993) wrote describes the cyberspace in the information age, a mystic glow surrounds the term cyberspace. Every type of interface forms a window or doorway into cyberspace. Cyberspace suggests a computerized dimension where we move information about and where we find our way around data. Cyberspace renders a represented or artificial world, a world made up of information that our systems produce and that we feed back into the system. Just as a chessboard set up the checkered game space of its own world of rooks and knights, pawns and bishops, so too the computer interface holds its field of moves, hierarchy of files, places to go, and relative distances between points of interest. We inhabit cyberspace when we feel ourselves moving through the interface into relatively independent world with its own dimensions and rules. The more we habituate ourselves to an interface, the more we live in cyberspace, in what William Gibson calls the consensual hallucination. Cyberspace changes the way human lives and communicates, moreover it can cast a spell of passivity on their live. People talk to the system, telling it what to do, but the system language and process come to direct people psychology. In cyberspace people look throughout the interface unconscious as they peer through an electronic framework where their symbols (data, words, simulation) come below precise control, where things appear with startling clarity. Heim (1993) in his essay from interface to cyberspace wrote in cyberspace we forget ourselves as we evolve into our fabricated worlds. With our faces up against it, the interface is hard to see. Because information technology fits our minds, it is the hardest of all to think about. Nothing is closer to us. We can miss it as easily as we overlook a pair of eyeglasses on the bridge of the nose or a contact lens on the cornea. Cyberspace is an infinite cage as described by William Gibson (1988), in the cyberspace people can travel continuously without borders, and as cyberspace is electronic, people electronically can represent the actual world and moreover the possible and imagined worlds. Cyberspace creates a new way of interaction, coordination and communication which are different than face to face communication. According to this shift thousands of spaces to house conversations and exchange have established between different groups of people from very different and far area in the world, this kind of shift made communication more practical and convenient. By using network interaction media like email, conference system, and chat people have formed thousand of groups to discuss a wide range of topics politically, culturally, socially, entertainment and even work on a range of complex collective projects. Actually cyberspace in not just a new way of communication, it creates more than that, it is sustaining and supporting many-to-many interactions (Harasim, 1993). People in cyberspace create many kinds of social spaces, but there are two different visions regarding that. The first one touches the positive effects of networks and their benefits democracy and prosperity. The famous proponent is AI Gore (1993), said Our new ways of communicating will entertain as well as inform. More importantly they will educate, promote democracy, and save lives. And in the process they will also create a lot of new jobs. In fact, they are already doing it. The direct benefit is that networks will create new areas of assembly that will generate opportunities for employment, political participation, entertainment, and social contact. Moreover networks can renew community by strengthening the links that connect us to a wider social world while concurrently increasing our influence in that world (Kollock, P.,Smith, M., 1999). The other view remarks that this glowing vision is to some extent driven by significant investment in advertising, public relation, and political rhetoric. Many critic s see the dim side in which individuals are trapped and ensnared in the net that predominantly offers new opportunities for surveillance and social control. Theodore Roszak (1986), information technology has the obvious capacity to concentrate political power, to create new forms of social obfuscation and domination. At the same time as these critics do not rule out the idea that computers and networks enhance the power of individuals, they suppose that networks will disproportionately increase the strength of existing concentrations of power (Kollock, P.,Smith, M., 1999). William Mitchell in his book City of Bits (1995) has described the Cyberspace as a spatial city, he saw a lot of similarity between spatial places and places in the cyberspace, and physical bath and the logical links. In the cyberspace the structures of the access and exclusion are reconstructed in entirely non-architectural term (architecture as materially constructed form) entering and exiting place not physically but traveling through logical linkages. In the cyberspace many of the places are public, similar to squares, public building, and streets; they have uncontrolled access. On the other side there are also private, like mailboxes and houses; it can be access only for the one who has the key or demonstrate that his belong (getting into private electronic mailbox, for instance, required to identify the user and present the correct password). And sometimes, as with football stadium and Movie Theater, you have to pay to enter. The software walls once built can be breached, privacy can be violated, and the locks can be broken, the cyberspace has also its outlaw hackers and posses of lawmen chasing them, its viruses and Trojan horses, and its burgeoning mythology of transgression and retribution (Mitchell, 1995). Within the cyberspace moving from place to another following logical links instead of physical paths.Macintosh operating system has a graphical user interface; in this system the places are nested to form a strict hierarchy: going down a level by clicking on a folder icon to open a window into a place, and returning back a level by clicking on a corner of window to close it, just like Dorothy clicked her heels to get back to Kansas( Mitchell, 1995). PERVASIVE COMPUTING (THE INTERACTIVE FUTURE) Pervasive computing represents a paradigm shift from building virtual worlds toward embedding information technology into the ambient social complexities of the virtual word Malcolm McCollough, 2004 Pervasive or Ubiquitous computing can be defined as computation thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities, and it is often regarded as the intersection of computer science, behavioral science, and design Michael Fox and Miles Kemp, 2009 Pervasive computing or Ubiquitous computing is a new model of human computer interaction, in pervasive computing aims to integrate information processing into everyday objects and activities, actually this model is the advancement of desktop paradigm. The use of the term pervasive computing concerning primarily when the objects involved, while ubiquitous computing in relation to human activities. Today information technology allows people to interact indirectly, remotely, and asynchronously, and digital systems that are carried, worn, and embedded into physical situation can fundamentally change how people interact. Architects, ethnographers, psychologists, and cultural geographers hardly understand the consequences of all this mediation from their disciplines views, much less the implications for any new synthesis in design (Smith, 2007). The field of interaction design explores how interactive technology mediates everyday experience, the more it becomes subject matter for design. The best example for that is the electric light that may used to read a book, the most significant technology tend to disappear into daily life. A number of these technologies work without people knowing about them, and other demand people occasional monitoring. Some technologies require tedious operation, and others invite more rewarding participation, like games or sports. In fact these distinctions are degrees of interactivity (McCullough, 2004). The computer is first truly inactive technology and it has increased the need and the demand for the interaction design. Computer is not just document production tool, network computing has long since become a social medium. Brenda Laurel declared in the early 1990s, The real significance of computing has become its capacity to let us take part in shared representation of action. These representations can be of organization, activities, work practices or communities of interest. The word pervasive has become more common to give emphasis to the invisibility of chips in everyday things. According to a characterization from the year 2000 by from the national institute for standards and technology pervasive computing is (1) numerous, casually accessible, often invisible computing devices, (2) frequently mobile or embedded in the environment, (3) connected to an increasingly ubiquitous network structure. Intel the largest microprocessor manufacturer announced the technological future at the turn of millennium: Computing, not computer will characterize the next era of the computer age. The critical focus in the very near future will be on ubiquitous access to pervasive and largely invisible computing resources. A continuum of information processing devices ranging from microscopic embedded devices to giant server farms will be woven together with a communication fabric that integrates all the todays networks with the networks of future. Adaptive software will be self-organizing, self-configuring, robust and renewable. At every level and in every conceivable environment, computing will be fully integrated with our daily lives. Business week, in its 21 Ideas for the 21st Century, said: In the next century, planet earth will don an electronic skin. It will use the internet as a scaffold to support and transmit sensations. This skin is already being stitched together. It consists of millions of embedded electronic measuring devices: thermostats pressure gauges, pollution detectors, cameras, microphones, glucose sensors, EKGs, electroencephalographs. These will probe and monitor cities and endanger species, the atmosphere, our ships, highways and fleets of trucks, our conversations, our bodies even our dreams. Project Oxygen at Massachusetts Institute of Technology said about the pervasive computing: in the future, computation will be human centered. It will be freely available everywhere, like batteries and power sockets, or oxygen in the air breathe. It will be enter the human world, handling or goals and needs and helping us to do more while doing less. We will not need to carry our own devices around with us. Instead configurable generic devices, either handheld or embedded in the environment, will bring computation to us, whenever we might be. As we interact with these anonymous devices, they will adopt our personalities. They will respect our desires for privacy and security. We won,t have to type, click, or learn new computer jargon. Instead, we will communicate naturally, using speech and gestures that describe our intent (send to Hari or print that picture on the nearest color printer), and leave the computer to carry out our will. In the other side, there are many people get nervous by the so much advanced technology. McCullough (2004) said, Recently we have witnessed a paradigm shift from cyberspace to pervasive computing. Instead of pulling us through the looking glass into some sterile, luminous world, digital technology now pours out beyond the screen, into our messy places, under our laws of physics; it is built into our rooms, embedded in our props and devices-everywhere. He also continued criticizing the advanced technologies by saying, The cutting edge dulls on everyday life. Often the technologies on which new expectation are based blend into the fabric of everyday existence. Like the telephone before it, for instance, the internet has begun to fade into banal, unlovely normalcy. Other technologies are rejected for errors in principle. Much as bloodletting turned out to be in accurate in medicine, so virtual reality left out some important details- such as the fact that we oriented spatially not just with our eyes, but also with our body. Then too, other technologies obsolete by unforeseen alternatives, as a freight trains were by interstate trucking. Ubiquitous computing has neglected the significance of context in its universal version. Humanity has spent a long period to build conventions, languages, and the architecture of physical places. Technology has altered those elements of culture, but seldom done away with them. Context appears to have unintended consequences for information technology. Surveillance also one of the bad effects of pervasive computing and it has become an unfortunate fact of life, especially since the events of 9/11, people fear that the new roles of computer technology and pervasive computing are mostly about surveillance. The loss of privacy has become a central theme in cultural studies of pervasive computing and information technology (McCullough, 2004). SMART ENVIRONMENT in the future, computer will become intrinsically integrated into our lives to the extent that we will design objects, systems, and our architectural environments around the capabilities of embedded computation, and not the other way around Interactive (smart) architecture is not about technology, but about revealing new possibilities of global relationships between architecture and people in forming a symbiotic noosphere. A building is a network for living in Mahesh B. Senagala, 2009 It is time to stop asking what architecture is and start asking what it can do Michael Fox and Miles Kemp, 2009 Smart environments is a new kind of architecture aims to create spaces and objects that can meet the changing needs with respect to evolving individual, social, and environmental demands. .Mark Weiser (1988) has defined the smart environment as a physical world that is richly and invisibly interwoven with sensors, actuators, displays, and computation elements, embedded seamlessly in the everyday objects of our lives, and connected through a continuous network. The smart environments are envisioned as the byproduct of pervasive computing and the availability of cheap computing power which enhance the human interaction with the system and make it a pleasant experience. Today, there are many terminology have been used to give the meaning such as Intelligent Environment, Interactive Architecture, Soft Space, and Responsive Environment. Michael Mozer said when he was describing the intelligence of the Adaptive House in the late 1990s as that which arises from homes ability to predict the behavior and needs of the inhabitants by having observed them over a period of time. The developers of the adaptive house instead of programming the house to achieve certain actions, the house have the ability to program itself by monitoring the environment the environment and sensing actions performed by the occupants, and learning to predict the future status of the house. MITs Intelligent Room project is another example of the smart environment which it has applied different approach from the previous. The intend of the project was to experiment with different forms of natural, multimodal human interaction by embedding computational smarts into everything with which the user come into contact. This project has succeed to allow computers to participate in activities that have never previously involved computation and has allowed people to interact with computational system the way as they would interact with other people (Coen, 1998). From the previous two examples, the main characteristic of the smart environment is the two ways of interaction between the space and the occupants of the space, this interaction mediated by embedded computation into everyday objects and activities. Fox and kemp (2009) argued the current landscape of interactive space is built upon the convergence of embedded computation (intelligence) and physical counterpart (kinetics) that satisfies adaptation within contextual framework of human and environmental interaction.

Major Themes in Faulkners Light in August :: Light August Essays

Major Themes in Faulkner's Light in August  Ã‚      Faulkner's Light in August is a metaphor. In fact it is many metaphors, almost infinitely many. It is a jumble of allusions, themes, portraits, all of them uniquely important, many of them totally unrelated. In fact no 20th century writer has even approached the sheer quantity of symbolism Faulkner packed into every page, with, perhaps, the exception of James Joyce who went so far as to surpass Faulkner in this regard. So obviously it would be foolish to attempt to trace every line, follow every branch to its root, one could spend a lifetime dissecting the book in this manner. Fortunately, in the midst of this menagerie of wonders, there are dominate themes. There are veins of meaning that permeate throughout. Chief among them; Faulkner's study of 20th century man's search for identity, and his compassionate portrait of the origins of evil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have come from Alabama a fur piece (Faulkner, p.3). The reader begins the book in this manner, following the simple-minded and determined Lena as she travels, neither coming nor going, simply moving. Immediately the book draws into her past, relating events leading up to this point, explaining her motives. One gets a definite feel for her character, and settles into her narrative, but as soon as this happens, the book switches gears, turning instead to a vague character, Joe Christmas. With little introduction, or warning, the book reels into Joe's past, catching the reader totally unaware and throwing off the entire continuity of the book. Faulkner's desire for unity and coherence in the pattern is not as strong as is his desire for truth to individual response (Reed, p.123). Thus Lena is a frame, she serves only to accentuate Christmas's story, by contrast. Faulkner demands the reader follow, and realize this.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So we now see Christmas's childhood. From the beginning, Christmas is two things. One, he is a totally clean slate in that he has no idea whatsoever of his past, his origins. He is neither predestined to good nor evil, simply born. By this same token, Christmas is left confused. Because he has no idea of his origins, he has no idea of self, even to the extent of not being sure of his

Hh Holmes

H. H. Holmes A. Introduction: On May 16, 1861 Herman Webster Mudgett was born. His home town was Gilmanton, New Hampshire and he soon would become the notorious Dr. H. H. Holmes, Americas’ first Serial Killer. He was a small white male born into a devout Methodist family. Holmes’ mother Theodate Page Price forced strict religious studies while his father, Levi Horton Mudgett handed out the harsh, strong discipline. Holmes had one brother and sister. B. Intelligence, Social achievement, social adjustment in school: Holmes was thought to be unusually intelligent at an early age.With his great ambition and drive he excelled in school. He attended Gilmanton Acade3my High School, University of Vermont for one year, and in 1882 attending University of Michigan Medical School and graduates from medical school in 1884. It is his time spent at University of Michigan that he develops his lust for blood and becoming immune from death and dismemberment. This is also where he develo ps and masters the art of scamming and because of this he changes his name to Dr. H. H. Holmes in 1886 to elude former acquaintances from coming forth with accusations of fraud or death.C. Family structure and environment: Holmes was the son of Levi Horton Mudgett and Theodate Page Price and had a very privileged childhood. The environment of the household was that of any family of this era, the 1800’s. They raised their children to be good people, never lie, work hard, pray for everything good and bad, and always show respect. Holmes had a brother and sister but there is no information on them which makes it difficult to explain birth order. D. Emotional adjustment in the family: Herman Webster Mudgett (Dr. H. H.Holmes) was raised in a very privileged home but under strict and very structured circumstances. His relationship with his family was typical of any young boy. He had respect for his family and says that he â€Å"was well trained by loving and religious parents†. E. Social/emotional adjustment outside the family: H. H. Holmes did have friends and acquaintances but was very specific about who he would allow to be close. His deceptions started at the age of eight but all were just childish lies that seemed like the simple acts of a young boy.He was disciplined for them but they seemed to be harmless in nature and out of boredom. He befriended his first true friend in college. This friend was a classmate form Canada who he describes as â€Å"one of the very few intimate friends I have ever allowed myself. † Holmes did marry in 1878 to Clara Lovering, then in 1887 married Myrta Belking who he had a daughter with and his last wife Georgina Yoke in 1894. He managed to be married to all three without any of them knowing and handled a few mistresses in between. F. Employment history, adjustment, work habits:During a school vacation Holmes takes a job as a book agent which turns out to be a fraud and was paid no money at all. He them after graduation he takes numerous jobs in numerous states serving as drug store clerk, asylum attendant, teacher, and doctor to name a few. He opened a practice in Mooers Forks, NY and stayed for one year doing â€Å"good and conscientious work† with lots of gratitude but little money as a physician. He seemed to get either bored with a job or just did not make the amount of money he required so he kept his options open moving from state to state to make money however he could.G. Personality style/characteristics: Throughout Holmes’ life he seemed to be more and more unsettled. He could not stay in one place for long and his relationships were short but there was always someone there whether it be one of his wives, an employee, or a mistress. He was extroverted in the sense that he could hold regular relationships with women and made friends but did not keep them around for long and did not allow too many people to get close at one time. H. Demeanor, appearance and groomin g: Holmes was always very well groomed and had a very sophisticated appearance.Coming from a very privileged, hard working, religious family he kept himself very clean. He was very charming and very attractive so he had no problems with he ladies. He always wore a hat and tie and came across as a well like, trusted businessman. I. Pathological behavior characteristics: H. H. Holmes’ pathological problems started at the age of eight with him starting to lie. His lies and scams grew along with his age and by the age of 25 he changed his name to H. H. Holmes to elude accusations from those he lied to and scammed.He continued to con and manipulate using his trusting looks and medical degree swindling thousands of dollars from insurance companies by taking cadavers from medical school, taking insurance policies out on them and telling the insurance that he was a family member to collect the money. Holmes was such a pathological liar and has given so many accounts about the number of people he has killed that to this day the true number is unknown. He always needed stimulation and a proneness to boredom, and was conning and very manipulative. He had numerous wives and had promiscuous sexual behavior by having several mistresses.J. Geographic Profiling: Holmes was considered to be a geographically transient serial killer. He moved from state to state killing in almost each one. He would move through the states because this was his way to elude capture or being suspected of the crimes he committed. After he changed his name in 1886 he settled in Chicago for a while and found a drugstore he worked at that was owned by a husband and wife. The husband owner passed away mysteriously and after the wife signed over the store to Holmes she mysteriously disappeared. H. H. hen built a hotel eventually called the â€Å"Castle† across the street from the store that he turned into his killing chambers. The entire second floor was dedicated and designed with rooms th at he put people into and killed. Even though he traveled he always killed close to home or where he worked. The patrons of this hotel would check into the hotel but would never check out. He had full access to victims that came to him of their own free will out of trust. This type of victim search is called the trapper method, and once they arrived he had full control over them and did not let them leave this is called the ambusher attack method.The Castle (H. H. Holmes Hotel) K. Psychological Profiling: Offender Typologies: As an organized offender he was very much in control of what he did to his victims. His crimes were planned out and he was a highly competent individual. The murders that took place at the â€Å"Castle†, for instance each room was designed specifically to kill the individuals he placed inside. He had gas lines placed into some of the rooms with controls in his room, which was on the third floor, so he could turn the gas on and through a peep hole in the wall of the room watch the victim being gassed to death and plead for their lives.Holmes was known to be very good looking, very charming, and geographically and occupationally mobile which allowed him more opportunity to continue to scam and murder. L. Psychological Profiling: C/S Typologies: Being in control of how he killed his victims is a characteristic of an organized offender. None of his killings were sexually motivated which would also make him a comfort-oriented serial killer, someone who kills specifically for personal gain. None of his crime scenes were chaotic and not only would Holmes plan out how his victim would expire but he also planned out very carefully how this victim would be disposed of.M. Psychological Profiling: Offense Characteristics: H. H. was completely fascinated with death and the human body. He was also very driven by money and used this drive to kill to obtain it. As a comfort-oriented serial killer he would con his victims into giving him their mone y, property, or business then kill them after his profit. The conning of his victims would become his M. O. and his signature would be the way he dismembered and incinerated his victims. Holmes did not take trophies from his victims and the souvenirs he would take from the victim would be their money.He would not keep or take any personal items from the at all. Most of the murders took place in Chicago at the â€Å"Castle† during the world’s fair in 1893. It started in May of 1893 and ended in October of 1983 and it is estimated that over 20 million people visited the world’s fair from all over the world. As they left their homes to visit Chicago not knowing where to stay their family members did not know their whereabouts either. This made them an easy target because they would not be missed. These people would rent rooms at his hotel and some would stay and leave and others would never be heard from again.He would not need to stage the scene of the crime becau se no one knew they were there at his hotel. After killing them he would dump them into a chute that lead to the basement where he would dismember them, skin them clean, and sell their skeletons to medical schools for money. Some of them he would make up to $200 a skeleton which in those times was a fortune. Because acid vats, and a crematorium disguised as a glass blowing furnace were Holmes’ favorite way to dispose of his victims the identification of those bones at the scene was very difficult.The medical examiner could not identify whether they were animal or human bones because the bone fragments were so small. The bones, hair, and teeth found at the scene of where the three children (Alice, Nellie, and Howard Pitezel) he murdered were identifiable by the medical examiner and did lead to Holmes being charged for those with that evidence. There are only a few crime scene photos found: N. Victimology: It is truly unknown as to how many people Holmes has killed. There are a t least 50 missing people from the world’s fair that were eventually traced back to Holmes and the â€Å"Castle. He was not particular about the age or the race of his victims although quite a few of them were female assuming that he used his good looks and charm to earn their trust, con and kill them. All of his mistresses were killed but oddly all of his legitimate wives lived out their lives in full. In 1890 Julia Connor with her daughter Pearl answered a newspaper add to work for Holmes. Julia became his mistress and when she found out she was pregnant she confronted Holmes and demanded marriage. He agreed on the condition that he perform an abortion which she agreed to.Julia and her daughter pearl were never heard from again. In 1892 yet another employee and mistress of Holmes, Emiline Cigard, was asked to go into the volt to retrieve papers and was locked in and suffocated to death. Two women that were easy targets, did not have family close, and needed work. Then Benj amin Pitezel came along to work for Holmes. Benjamin had a wife, Carrie, and five children. He could not hold down a job for long and was an alcoholic. He needed the job that Holmes provided to take care of his family.Pitezel was Holmes’ right hand man and was more that aware of his scams. Holmes’ and Pitezel thought up a life insurance scam that required Pitezel to take out a life insurance policy and then he would disappear and be classified as dead so his wife could collect on it. He told Carrie all about it and she begged him not to do it. After the policy was taken out Ben Pitezel was dead. Holmes made his death look like suicide by the use of chloroform. At that time there was nothing to find the chloroform so there was no proof.Three of his children, Alice, Nellie, and Howard, met Holmes to identify the body and traveled with him, the children were never seen again. Obviously from the murders at the castle not all of the victims were acquaintances. The common th eme with all of the victims is that they were all easy targets. Some were not in their own cities and not close to family, some were women alone and needy, some were emotionally unstable, and they were all killed for money. O. Motive: The question why is always asked when these types of crimes are committed. In H. H. Holmes case the motive was financial gain.The criminology theory that best describes Holmes is the choice theory. He used at fee will a rational, intelligent decision to commit the acts of fraud and murder to dispose of his victims the way he did to continue his fantasies of working on cadavers. P. Conclusion: Holmes’ one mistake is not paying a fellow inmate that was in on the Pitezel insurance scheme the $500 he owed him from when Holmes was briefly incarcerated for fraud. The inmate, Hedgepeth, read in the paper that Pitezel had been killed and immediately told the warden who advised the insurance company.The insurance company contacted Pinkerton Detective Age ncy and the case began. Holmes was found and arrested by the Pinkerton Detectives on November 17, 1894 in Boston. He was then taken to Moyamensing Prison in Philadelphia and tried for conspiracy to defraud the Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company. Holmes pleads guilty and insists that Ben Pitezel committed suicide and made numerous conflicting statements as to where the Pitezel children were located. Soon suspicion grew that Holmes had killed the children which were later found dead and buried.After this was discovered detectives searched Holmes’ hotel only to find the basement where he dismembered and burned his victims. Once this information got out amongst the public that Holmes was a murderer he quickly became sensationalized. His case was the case of the century and he was then known at H. H. Homes Americas First Serial Killer. After all of the press the castle was burned to the ground with no reason or no ideas as to who torched it to the ground. While Holmes was inca rcerated he wanted to be remembered as being innocent so he wrote his own autobiography called â€Å"Holmes’ Own Story. His trial started on September 23rd, 1895 and was found guilty some months later by a jury of first degree murder and sentenced to death. Holmes would be hanged on May 7, 1896 only nine days short of his 35th birthday. For fear that his brain might go to medicine men for study he requested he be buried in concrete so no one could dig him up, and he was buried in concrete. To date there is no concrete evidence as to how many people Holmes did actually murder. Profiling Presentation H. H. Holmes Americas First Serial Killer By Traci McCann

Essay on Mobile Phone and Ryan a. Irving

Essay on Mobile Phone and Ryan a. Irving Essay on Mobile Phone and Ryan a. Irving My name is Ryan A. Irving and I am a Junior, Criminal Justice major from Avondale, Arizona. I currently attend Jackson in Jackson, Mississippi. I know I am very far from away from home but I am glad that I attend my university. It has been a learning experience for me and I have even more appreciation for all of my family. There are many times that I miss my family and get a little homesick but I know that I am here at school for a reason and the reason is to receive an education. Luckily we have a lot of technology that I can use to get into contact with them. Without all this technology that is available to me I do not know how I would be able to attend school so far away from home. I have been attending Jackson State for the past three years and I spend no more than three to four months at home every year and I know how difficult it is to miss your family and want to be with them. Even though I am so far away from them I always find a way to keep in contact with them. Facebo ok, Instagram, Twitter and FaceTime are all ways that I keep in contact and updated with all of the stuff my family is doing. I am the first child to go away to college so it was hard for my mom to deal with, luckily nowadays we have so much new technology that we will never miss anything that goes on while we are away from each other. I have two sisters, one brother and a little cousin that I love dearly, I just want to make sure that I am proud of them and I am supporting them 100 percent even though I am so far away from them right now. One of the best forms of technology that we use today is our cell phone. Without our cell phones we cannot just pick up the phone wherever we are and call a family member that we have not spoken to in a while. I know my freshman year I called my mom like five to six times everyday but throughout the years the number of phones calls a day went down tremendously. Also, with a cell phone you can take pictures and share them with all your family members by uploading them up to social networks such as; Facebook, Twitter and Instagram. I have an iPhone so I can FaceTime with my little sister or any of my family members who have an iPhone or an iPad. While you FaceTime you can see the person and have a conversation as if you were sitting right in front of them, it is a lot better than just talking to someone on the phone because you can actually see their face and hear their voices well. Being the oldest of four children I know that my siblings always need someone they can talk to or come to for advice. I know I may not be at home with them but they can call or text message me at anytime and I will make sure that I help them out anyway that I can. They should all be able to depend on me no matter the distance because I am their older sister and I will do anything for them. My youngest sister and I are very much alike and she knows she can call me at anytime and I will be there for her. She knows that if she needs me and I am not answering my phone, she can find me on my Facebook, Twitter or Instagram. Sometimes I can go a couple of days without talking to my dad, who is very busy, so he will send me a nice

Am Lit- Crucible and Lottery Similarities Essays

Am Lit- Crucible and Lottery Similarities Essays Am Lit- Crucible and Lottery Similarities Essay Am Lit- Crucible and Lottery Similarities Essay Villagers persecute individuals at random, and the victim is guilty of no transgression other than having drawn the wrong slip of paper from a box. Seems like in the Crucible many just grabbed the â€Å"wrong slip† of paper. * The elaborate ritual of the lottery is designed so that all villagers have the same chance of becoming the victim- even children are at risk. Each year, someone new is chosen and killed, and no family is safe. Like in the Crucible the villagers focused on maintaining public reputation, the townsfolk of Salem must fear that the sins of their friends and associates will taint their names. Many kept blaming each other so it was almost like they were chose at random because everyone kept getting blamed. * In â€Å"The Lottery† villagers turn against the victim much like many turned on those accused of being a witch. The instant that Tessie Hutchinson chooses the marked slip of paper, she loses her identity as a popular housewife. Her friends and family participate in the killing with as much enthusiasm as everyone else. Tessie essentially becomes invisible to them in the fervor of persecution. Although she has done nothing â€Å"wrong,† her innocence doesn’t matter. She has drawn the marked paper- she has herself become marked- and according to the logic of the lottery, she therefore must die. * Tessie’s death is an extreme example of how societies can persecute innocent people for absurd reasons. Those who are persecuted become â€Å"marked† because of a trait or characteristic that is out of their control like in the Crucible they cannot control who was blaming them. Just as the villagers in â€Å"The Lottery† blindly follow tradition and kill Tessie because that is what they are expected to do, people in real life often persecute others without questioning why. As Jackson suggests, any such persecution is essentially random, which is why Tessie’s bizarre death is so universal. * The Crucible is the role that hysteria can play in tearing apart a community. Hysteria supplants logic and enables people to believe that their neighbors, whom they have always considered upstanding people, are committing absurd and unbelievable crimes- communing with the devil, killing babies, and so on. The lottery causes ciaos within the community fearing that they will draw the ticket. It also doesn’t discourage from children just like the witch trails did not.